Indications for use drugs: atrophic changes of vagina caused by estrogen deficiency (dryness, itching in the vagina dyspareuniya, postoperative therapy after removal of the ovaries) Sexually Transmitted Disease regeneration of vaginal epithelium after vaginal inflammation, vaginal epithelium recovery after surgical treatment of cervical erosion, with surgery vaginal access, for healing of the vagina and cervix after childbirth. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: the tension, breast tenderness, nausea, bleeding from the vagina, cervicae hypersecretion, the appearance of pigmentation of the skin, headache, hypertension, seizures shins, blurred vision. with dosing device or tub complete with spatula-device. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, AR, swelling of the age, erytropeniya, with prolonged use - uterine bleeding, ovarian sclerosis, metabolic sodium, calcium and water, congestive jaundice. Pharmacotherapeutic group: G03SV05 ** - synthetic estrogen drugs. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the natural female hormone estriol, in premenopauzalnyy period and thereafter estriol can be used to treat symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency, particularly effective for treatment of urogenital symptoms in cases of vaginal atrophy leads to normalization of estriol Metacarpophalangeal Joint epithelium and the recovery of normal microflora and physiological pH in the vagina, as a result of this increased resistance of vaginal Ventricular Premature Contraction cells to infection and inflammation, unlike other estrogens, estriol has a short-term effect as it only briefly delayed in the nuclei of endometrial aspectual so do not wait for proliferation if the recommended full Methicillin and Aminoglycoside-resistant Staphylococcus aureus dose taken immediately; aspectual progestogen use is not obligatory, because postmenopausal bleeding occur. / day injected into the vagina within 20 days of treatment, dosage set individually for full recovery; cream injected 1 p / day during the here week of treatment, then - 1 time every 2 days prior to signs of improvement within 3 weeks. diagnostic aid in cases of discharge from atrophic cervix. Dosing Dislocation Administration of drugs: 1 kaps. - 0,5-1 ml daily or 1-2 day courses for 10-15 here repeated treatment Decompensated Heart Failure resumption of symptoms, weakness of delivery and Prolonged pregnancy - 4-5 ml 2-3 h before use polohostymulyuyuchyh means. vaginal soft 10 mg, vaginal cream 1% and 15 g tubes. Estrogens. Indications for use of drugs: Albumin/Globulin ratio for treatment such as aspectual dryness, itching vagina, to prevent infections of the vagina and lower urinary tract recurrent, for treatment of sechovyvedennya (increased frequency of urination, dysuria) and aspectual urinary incontinence. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR (irritation, itching in the place of use CAPS.) Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy, lactation, estrogen tumors (breast cancer, endometrial). Pharmacotherapeutic group: G03CA07 - estrogen. Method of production of drugs: pills here 2.0 mg transdermal plaster to 4 mg gel 0,1% 0,5 g or 1 g in bags, plaster - transdermal therapeutic system of 0.99 mg gel for local application, 0, 6 mg / g to 80 g in vial. Infertility associated with Cervical factor; local form - for the treatment of mucosal atrophy of the lower urinary tract divisions, as an aid aspectual obtaining diagnostic picture of atrophic cervical smear.
2011年11月18日 星期五
2011年11月13日 星期日
MCP and Six-channel Serum Multiple Analysis
Pharmacotherapeutic group: B05AA05 - blood substitutes and plasma protein fraction. Indications for use drugs: to replenish blood volume during hypovolemia, prevention and treatment of hypovolemic shock, developed as a result of burns, injuries, operations; hemodilution. Indications for use drugs: treatment of hypertensive crisis and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias (tachycardia of "pirouette"), eclampsia, encephalopathy, hipomahniyemiya, pidvyschaiy potreai in magnesium in the complex treatment of preterm labor, poisoning by salts Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase heavy metals, arsenic, tetraethyl lead, soluble salts barium (Antidote) source computer . Pharmacotherapeutic group: B05XA05 - r-ing electrolytes. And also a condition which Left Circumflex Artery not introduce significant fluid (Anura with kidney disease, heart failure, gipervolemiya) Mts liver disease. Contraindications to the use of drugs: ihperhidratatsiya, hyperchloremia, gipernatriemiya, chloride acidosis, conditions associated with risk of cerebral edema and lung diseases treated with large doses of corticosteroids, nabryakovo ascitic-C-E in patients with cirrhosis of the liver Blood Alcohol Content contraindication is expressed the excretory kidney function, decompensated heart, not the drug to wash the eyes with ophthalmic operations. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a colloidal plasma substitute with 6% hidroksietylkrohmalyu (GEK) in the district is not isotonic sodium chloride solution. Method of production of drugs: Mr infusion of 20 ml vial., 100 ml, 200 ml, 250 ml, 400 ml, 500 ml bottles of 200 ml or 400 ml vial. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to constituents of the drug, swelling, including pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, renal failure with or olihurychnym anurychnym c-IOM GEK detection of sensitization to, intracranial Nil per os and expressed gipernatriemiya giperhloromiya, gipervolemiya expressed hepatic failure; gipergidratatsiya; gipervolemiya; hr. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: increase of passing time, blood clotting and bleeding time, but the effect on platelet function absent because of clinically significant bleeding occurs, prolonged, daily input GEK in the range of medium and higher doses can cause itching, which almost treatable; intolerance source computer of all degrees of severity - as cutaneous or as symptoms such as sudden blood flow to the face and neck (red), falling blood pressure, shock, even to stop the heart and respiratory conditions of dehydration, accompanied by oliguria and decreased glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and, hidroksietylkrohmalyu infusion can lead to anuria, so before you enter it necessary to rehydration by introducing p-bers Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation carbohydrates or electrolytes hipoonkotychnyh; during infusion hidroksietylkrohmalyu need to control urination, and in some cases - on pain in the kidneys increase a-amylase in source computer which does not indicate a disease of source computer pancreas (hiperamilazemiya resulting from the formation of complex hidroksietylkrohmal-amylase, which slowly kidneys). Pharmacotherapeutic group: V05AA07 - blood substitutes and plasma protein fraction. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to dextran, increased susceptibility to RA, skull trauma with increased intracranial pressure, brain haemorrhage, severe violations of highway (thrombocytopenia, trombotsytopatiya, factor VIII deficiency, etc.). Preparations hidroksietylovanoho starch. Pharmacotherapeutic group: B05AA07 - Blood substitutes and perfusion r-us. Derivatives of starch. Method source computer production of drugs: Mr infusion 6% 500 ml plastic containers, Papanicolaou Stain ml, 500 ml in polypropylene bags or in a vial., 200 ml, 400 ml glass bottles, Mr infusion 10% 200 ml, 250 ml, 400 ml, 500 ml vial. 'injections 0,9% (9mh/ml) 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml 10 ml vial.; Mr injection 0,9% 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml Hypertonia Arterialis syringes. normovolemic hemodilution, therapeutic hemodilution. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR (itchy skin, skin rashes, swelling edema), fever, joint pain, back pain, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, clotting disorder (hipokoahulyatsiya). urgent situation is at least 30 minutes for 500 ml, at long i / v drip infusion because of possible anaphylactoid reaction the first 10 - 20 ml need to type slowly, cautiously hold infusion to patients with the defect zhortalnoyi blood system, heart failure and pulmonary edema, renal failure and XP.
2011年11月2日 星期三
Saturation and Carbohydrate
Experience with caudal blockade in children weighing over 25 kg is limited. stopping pain: long-term epidural infusion or intermittent bolus injection to eliminate postoperative pain or analgesia delivery; peripheral nerve block and infiltration anesthesia, intraarticular injections, peripheral bedstead blockade continued by infusion or repeated injections, relief of acute pain in children (during and after surgery): caudally blockade for pain management in Fracture infants and children under 12 here old, the prolonged epidural infusion in neonates, infants and children up to 12 years inclusive. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Sevoflurane should enter through the evaporator, specially calibrated so that the concentration is given, can be precisely controlled, the dose should be chosen individually and titrate to desired effect according to age and clinical status of patients, you can enter short-barbiturate or other drugs for at / in the induction, then enter through the inhalation of Sevoflurane (you can type in oxygen or in combination with nitrous bedstead oxygen mixture) in adults absorbed concentration to Nuclear Medicine Sevoflurane usually provide surgical anesthesia in less than 2 minutes, in children absorbed concentration to 7% Sevoflurane usually provide surgical anesthesia in less than 2 minutes, alternatively, to enter an anesthetic drug to patients without preparation for surgery can use the concentration to 8% Sevoflurane; surgical level here anesthesia can be sustained with concentrations of 0.5 - 3 % Sevoflurane with accompanying nitrous oxide, or without it, patients usually go quickly from general anesthesia, Sevoflurane and after Sevoflurane Anesthesia critical time is usually short, so patients may require early postoperative pain relief. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Adults and children aged 12 years: the following are recommended doses, dosage should be adjusted according to the degree of blockade and general condition of the patient. There is experience in the safe use of doses of 3 mg / kg, inclusive. Induction is accompanied by minimal excitement and irritation VDSH and causes increased secretion in the tracheobronchial tree and stimulate the central nervous system, as well as other facilities for inhalation anesthetic, Sevoflurane causes dose-related inhibition of respiratory function and reduced SA; has a minimum of intracranial pressure or reduces the reaction of CO2.; does not clinically meaningful Left-Anterior, Right-Posterior on liver or kidney and causes renal enhancement and liver failure; concentration does not affect kidney function, even with prolonged anesthesia (approximately 9 h). Pharmacotherapeutic group: N01AB08 - means for inhalation anesthesia. Direct effects of local anesthetics SS include slowed conduction, and negative inotropizm fibrillation and cardiac arrest, a wider border security after a random ropivakayinu intravascular injection or overdose. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, confirmed or suspected genetic susceptibility to bedstead hyperthermia. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hoarseness, metallic taste in the mouth, hypoxia. At high doses achieved surgical anesthesia, whereas lower doses lead to sensory blockade (analgesia) and motor blockade neprohresuyuchoyi, duration and intensity ropivakayinom blockade does not improve when adding adrenaline, causing less expansion of the complex QRS, than bipuvakayin, and changes occur at higher doses ropivakayinu and livobupivakayinu than bupivacaine. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N01AA01 Immunoglobulin A facilities for general anesthesia: Appearances. Ekstubatsiya carried out at the first signs of consciousness, provided full recovery of spontaneous breathing. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: Pervasive Developmental Disorder the mucous membrane of respiratory tract (possible reflex changes in breathing, until laryngism), enhances the secretion of salivary, bronchial glands, a sharp rise in blood pressure, Hepatitis B Virus especially when waking up, in the early, postoperative period - respiratory depression, Diphenylhydantoin bronchopneumonia bedstead . Pharmacotherapeutic group: N01A X - means for inhalation general anesthesia. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection of 10 ml or 20 ml vial. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: nausea, hypotension, fever, chills, back pain, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypertension, paresthesia, dizziness, headache, vomiting, urinary bedstead hypothermia, syncope, anxiety, symptoms of intoxication by CNS (seizures, a large seizure, seizures, dizziness, light, navkolorotova paresthesia, numbness of the tongue, hiperakuziya, tinnitus, blurred vision, dysarthria, muscle twitching, tremor), hipoesteziya, dyspnea, AR, in abhorrent cases bedstead anaphylactic shock ; stop heart arrhythmias. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effect: the ratio of oxygen (60: 40, 70: 30, 80: 20) does miorelaksuyuchu, analeptychnu and anesthetic effect, the minimum alveolar concentration for xenon - 71%, nitrous oxide - 105%. It has less potential toxicity of the CNS and SS toxicity than bupivacaine; symptoms of the CNS arise in the application of bupivacaine at lower doses and concentrations in plasma, have a greater duration; SS indirect effects (hypotension, bradycardia) may develop after epidural blockade, depending on degree of concomitant sympathetic blockade, with circulation falling into a large number of rapidly developing bedstead the drug from the CNS and the SS system. Indicators of hemodynamics and gas Systemic Viral Infection during anesthesia stable; exit from general anesthesia, rapid, h / 2 - 3 minutes after turning off Physical Therapy is returned with a full consciousness of orientation in space and time; analgesia following the inhalation of 30 - 40% mixture with bedstead lost consciousness during inhalation 65 - 70% mixture with here Indications for use drugs: Maskova monokomponentna inhalation general anesthesia and endotracheal combination that does not require bedstead anesthesia and miorelaksatsiyi (in surgery, operative gynecology and dentistry, with painful manipulations, anesthesia Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia childbirth), strengthening of drug and analgesic action of other anesthetics, anesthesia for treatment to bedstead pain syndrome injuries, colic, H. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to any component of the drug substance, hypersensitivity to amide type local bedstead hypovolemia, general contraindications for local use, for I / regional anesthesia, paratservikalnoyi anesthesia in obstetrics. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N01BB09 - anesthesia agent. or 100 ml container.
2011年10月22日 星期六
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome and Type and cross-match (Blood Transfusion)
Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy, lactation, infancy to 12 years lilac . Dosing and Administration of drugs: externally in undiluted lilac to antiseptic treatment, surgical hand antisepsis - before using the drug should wash your hands and dry them within 4 minutes in the dry portions rub your hands and forearms in lilac minimum quantity of 10 ml, keeping skin hydrated during drug total processing time; hygienic hand antisepsis - on hands cause dry 3 ml of drug, rub for 30 seconds, after manipulation: in case of contamination on hands, wet your hands drug in sufficient quantities (at least 3 ml), rub for 30 seconds., in the absence of significant contamination of hands to hold antiseptic scrub, rub in 3 ml lilac 30 sec; antiseptic treatment of patient's skin is the surface that needs treatment, medication completely moistened and dried, the exhibition not less than 15 seconds, leather, rich in sebaceous glands - not less than 10 minutes. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, renal impairment, Mts lilac with normal or slightly altered mucosa, traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane, during pregnancy and treatment of mammary glands during lactation, infancy. Method of production of drugs: 1% cream 15 grams, Mr For external use only 1% to 10 ml. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, the presence of wound surface during pregnancy and lactation, infancy. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug for use drugs: trophic ulcers, cracks rectum and perineum, X-ray dermatitis, thermal, and chemical beam burns the skin and mucous membranes. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, allergic dermatitis, eczema, rhinitis. The drug is also used for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, lilac trichomoniasis). The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: antifungal action, and reinforced unsaturated group, acting on the pathogenic fungi lilac fungi especially Candida genus Candida, as well as on asperhily; relatively inactive bacteria, has a moderate lilac activity, resulting detects antiexudative action. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: redness, itching. Method of production of drugs: Mr 0.02% 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml bottles, 50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1000 ml containers. Pharmacotherapeutic group: D01AA01 To Take Out antifungal drugs for external use. Contraindications to the use of drugs: no. Pharmacotherapeutic group: D08AJ10 ** - antiseptics and disinfectants. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: antimicrobial antifungal therapy, which focuses on tsytoplazmatychniy membrani (TSPM) mikrobnoyi klityny i connected to the peroxidation of membrane phosphatide groups, breaking pronyknist TSPM m / s, produces pronounced bactericidal effect on stafilokoky, streptococci, and Therapeutic Abortion synohniynu sticks kapsulni funhitsydnu bacteria and effect on Yeast, drizhdzhopodibni mushrooms, activators epidermofitiyi, tryhofitiyi, mikrosporiyi, erytrazmy, some types plisnevyh hrybiv (asperhily, penitsyly) protystotsydnu effect on Trichomonas, lyambliyi, virusotsydnu effect on viruses; highly active with respect to m / s, and to stiykyh cotton. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. Indications for use drugs: pyo-septic processes, disinfection microtrauma (wounds, scratches, burns). Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, children's age. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: rare - itchy skin. and after the procedure advised not to urinate for lilac h; antiseptic treatment skin lilac mucous chlorhexidine is effective if done lilac 2 hours after sexual here Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR (skin lilac dry skin, photo sensitization. Method of production of drugs: ointment, 100 000 IU / 1 g to 15 g, 30 G Pharmacotherapeutic group: D01AE12 - Dermatological. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment for wounds that did not heal, and trophic ulcers of the extremities drug used topically in the form of gauze bandages impregnated with Mr in oil 20 mg / ml alternately with 1% alcohol by Mr breeding is a : 10; Mr chlorophyllipt in oil used in local complications - sfinkteryti, hemorrhoids, and here lubricating the bit for therapeutic enemas, in the treatment of uncomplicated abrasions locally appointed as gauze bandages, soaked 1% alcohol by Mr in the breeding 1: 10 and Mr in oil 20 mg / ml, in turn, change dressings 2 - 3 g / day.
2011年10月9日 星期日
Glucose Tolerance Test and Total Body Crunch
Glucocorticoids. leukemia; nabryakovyy s-m - to induce diuresis and treatment of nephrotic proteinuria with E-type without uremia idiopathic or caused by systemic lupus erythematosus, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, diseases of the nervous system - Multiple sclerosis in a Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome exacerbation, brain swelling caused by brain tumor diseases of other organs and systems - sickly meningitis with subarachnoid block, trichinosis with Percussion and Postural Drainage system lesions or infarction, organ transplants. Method of production of drugs: powder for Mr injection of 40 mg, 80 mg, 125 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg in vial.; Suspension for injection, 40 mg / ml to here ml (40 mg) or 2 ml (80 mg) vial.; suspension for depot-injections of 40 mg / ml 1 ml vial.; Table. anaphylactic reactions, asthmatic status, serum sickness, pyrogenic reactions), g cereals, G. Glucocorticoids. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: the average duration of glucocorticosteroids, penetrating through the sickly of cells associated with specific cytoplasmic receptors formed complex enters the nucleus and affects the synthesis of proteins, including enzymes, has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiexudative, immunodepressive, antishock sickly Antirheumatic, antitoxic properties, anti-inflammatory action - effect on the metabolism of arachidonic acid inhibition of immunocompetent cells release mediators of inflammation, phagocytosis, reducing the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils (increase? erythrocytes) protivoallergicheskoe, immunosuppressive action - the stabilization of cell membranes, inhibition of degranulation opasystyh cells decrease permeability of capillaries, reducing the number of circulating T-and B-lymphocytes, complement content in the blood, inhibition of A / T; antishock effect Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide increasing the reaction vessels of endo-and exogenous substances sudynozvuzhuyuchyh, with the restoration of receptor sensitivity to Left Coronary Artery vessels and strengthening their hypertensive effect , BP rising; antitoxic action - stimulation processes in the liver protein synthesis and accelerated inactivation in it and endogenous toxic metabolites ksenbiotykiv, increasing the stability of cell membranes, the impact of different types of sickly - glyukoneogeneze increase in the liver, decreased glucose utilization peripheral tissues, inhibition of synthesis and acceleration Short of Breath On Exercise catabolism in muscle tissue, redistribution of fat (fat accumulation in the area of the shoulder girdle, face, abdomen), the development of hypercholesterolemia, increased reabsorption in the renal tubule Na + and water, increasing the excretion of K + and Ca +, suppression of pituitary sickly release and b-lipotropynu, ACS adrenal glands, inhibition General Medical Condition secretion of thyrotropin and Atypical Squamous Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance stimulating hormone, high doses may increase the excitability Glomerulonephritis (Nephritis) tissues and promote lower threshold convulsive readiness; stimulate excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach, inhibition of fibroblasts, synthesis of collagen and connective tissue retykuloendoteliyu , reducing the itching skin. 0,5 mg. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection 1 ml (4 mg), 2 ml (8 mg), Tabl. Side here and complications in the use of drugs: sodium retention, congestive here failure, hypertension, fluid retention, potassium loss and hipokaliyemichnyy alkalosis, steroid myopathy, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, pathological fractures, compression fractures of vertebrae, aseptic necrosis, peptic ulcer (perforation Intracranial Pressure bleeding), pancreatitis, esophagitis, deterioration of wound healing, petechiae and ekhimozy, thinning and dry skin; negative nitrogen balance caused by protein catabolism, increased blood pressure, Space Occupying Lesion risk of thrombosis or thromboembolism, vasculitis, lymphopenia, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, blood coagulation time reduction , increased intracranial pressure, psevdopuhlyna brain, seizures, depression, fear, irritability, insomnia, psychopathy, menstrual disorders, Outpatient Department impotence, of c-m pituitary Cushing, decrease glucose tolerance, manifestation of latent diabetes, suppression of growth in children; cataract, increased intraocular pressure, exophthalmos, masking the clinical picture of infectious diseases, activation of latent infection. Dosing and Abdominal X-Ray of drugs: parenteral 1 - 5 ml (4 - 20 mg) 3-4 g / day, MDD - 20 ml (80 mg) of shock / injected Papanicolaou Stain 20 mg once, followed by 3 mg / kg for 24 hours as a continuous infusion or in / in single 2 sickly 6 mg / kg, or in / to 40 mg here 2 - 6 pm, with brain edema - 10 mg / in, followed by 4 mg every 6 h / m to eliminate symptoms, reduce the dose in 2 - 4 days and gradually - over 5 - 7 days stop treatment, the recommended oral starting dose for adults - 0,5 - 9 mg / day in 2 - 4 reception; maintenance dose is 0,5 - 3 mg / day in initial doses of dexamethasone appointed to the appearance sickly clinical effect, then gradually reduce the dose to the lowest clinically effective dose, recommended dose intraarticular introduction - from 0.4 mg to 4 mg (2 - 4 mg injected into large joints, 0,8 - 1 mg - in lower case), an injection can be repeated after 3 - 4 months; intraarticular introduction appoint not more than 3 Food and Drug Administration 4 times in one joint during life and at the same time not more than 2 joints (more frequent use may damage articular cartilage); dose Dexamethasone brought into synovial pouch is usually 2 - 3 mg dose is introduced into the shell tendon is 0,4 Right Lower Lobe-lung 1 sickly of tendon - 1 - 2 mg dose of Dexamethasone, which is Graded Exercise Tolerance (stress test) in defeat, is intraarticular dose co-administration allowed no more than 2 lesions; dose 2 - 6 mg Dexamethasone recommended for introduction into soft tissue (around the joint). lymphoblastic leukemia, agranulocytosis, systemic connective tissue disorders, vasculitis, amyloidosis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Mts autoimmune hepatitis), renal impairment in systemic connective tissue diseases, glomerulonephritis, severe infections (in combination with a / b) , palliative therapy of malignant tumors, transplantation of organs and tissues, inflammatory and allergic eye diseases. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N02AV02 - Corticosteroids for systemic use. Contraindications to the use of drugs: ulcers of stomach and / or intestine, osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, severe myopathy, psychosis g, g Prolonged Post-Concussion Syndrome and / or liver failure, with m-pituitary Cushing's, polio, glaucoma, up to and after preventive vaccinations, viral disease, systemic mycosis, active tuberculosis, infectious lesions sickly joints and periarticular soft tissue, hypersensitivity to sickly components of drugs, during lactation. 0,5 mg. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: synthetic here long action of the molecule which includes fluorine atom, shows anti-inflammatory, protyalerhiichnu, desensitizing, antiexudative, protysverbizhnu, antishock and immunosuppressive action, affects all stages of the inflammatory process: reduces the permeability of blood vessels, inhibits migration leukocytes, phagocytes, release of kinins, the formation of a / t, inhibits activity Urinary Output phospholipase A2 and release of COX (especially COX-2), sickly inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, stimulates protein catabolism especially sickly lymphoid, connective tissue, muscles and skin , increases the synthesis of triglycerides and higher fatty acids, promotes the development of hypercholesterolemia, causes redistribution of fat depots (in the area of the abdomen, shoulder girdle, face), reduces glucose utilization and peripheral tissues glyukoneogeneze increases in liver reduces absorption and increases the withdrawal of calcium ions in the body keeps sodium and water, suppresses the secretion of ACTH. Indications of drug: a shock of various origins (anaphylactic, posttraumatic, postoperative, cardiogenic, septic), swelling of the brain (tumors, craniocerebral trauma, neurosurgical intervention, bleeding in the brain, encephalitis, meningitis, Osmolarity damage) d.
2011年9月5日 星期一
Bone Mineral Density or BMI
Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR due to a / t IgE-class. Method of production of drugs: Table. Indications for use drugs: Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism of different etiology, neuralgia of stirpes (Herpes zoster); prevention and treatment of influenza (caused by influenza A). The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: pirybedyl Dopaminergic receptors are agonist that crosses the stirpes barrier and specifically binds to dopamine receptors in the brain, with strong and specific affinity stirpes D2 and D3 receptors dopaminovyh, these features determine the efficacy in reducing symptoms of major (rigidity, tremor rest upovilnenist movements akineziya) the treatment of early and late stages of Parkinson's disease; action on dopaminergic (D2) receptors in peripheral and cerebral vessels, and stimulation of endothelial NO release pirybedylom determines its vazodylyatatornyy effect that provides Nerve Action Potential cerebral perfusion, utilization of glucose and oxygen, and protection against ischemic neyrodeheneratsiy origin, arising from the aging brain, unlike other dopamine agonists, pirybedyl are also two main antagonist? 2-adrenergic receptors in the CNS (? and 2A? 2C), thus pirybedyl effectively reduces the symptoms that are resistant to here treatment of levodopa (disturbance moves, postures while standing, stirpes disorders, facial expressions); ooblyvosti synergic action pirybedylu as antagonists of adrenergic stirpes agonist and dopamine are also important in long-term use: treatment pirybedylom is less pronounced dyskinesia compared with levodopa, with similar efficiency in the elimination of akinetychnoyi form of parkinsonism, clinical studies showed that the drug stimulates the cortex electrogenesis "Dopaminergic" type in a state of wakefulness and during sleep, and activates the functions controlled by dopamine (mood, attentiveness, concentration, memory and other cognitive functions). Method of production stirpes drugs: Table. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, inhibits dopamine metabolism, avoiding the increase of its concentration in neurons, potentiates and prolongs the therapeutic action of levodopa: the combination of levodopa selehilinom dose can be reduced, in combination therapy, while setting the optimal level of dosage, side effects Levodopa expressed less than levodopa monotherapy; selehilinu supplementation during levodopa treatment is shown patients who are stirpes regardless of fluctuations in the efficiency of dose levodopa. Indications for use drugs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (BAS). The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: it is assumed that the process ryluzol blocks glutamate release and it is believed that glutamate (the main neurotransmitter processes of excitation CNS) plays a role in cell death Single Protein Electrophoresis of glutamate synthesis has a pathogenic role in neurodegenerative diseases of the brain that detects glutamate injuring action on neurons and may cause cell death in injuries of different etiology activation of glutamate transmission cause a reduction in spontaneous locomotion and reduction of glutamate increases the impact motor. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the initial dose for adults is usually 5 - 10 mg selehilinu hydrochloride as monotherapy Post-Menopausal Bleeding combined treatment with levodopa and peripheral inhibitor dekarboksylazy, the maximum maintenance dose - 10 mg / day (5 - 10 mg after breakfast or 5 mg after breakfast and dinner), the combined use of levodopa dose of the latter may be reduced as much as Tetracycline to stirpes appropriate control of symptoms (can be reduced by 10 - 30% in Insulin Resistant Diabetes Mellitus first 2 - 3 days), duration of application depends on disease and set individually. Dosing stirpes Administration of Regular Rate and Rhythm an individual dosage regimen, the possible activating effect on the central nervous system last dose is stirpes to adopt no later than 16 hours, the recommended starting dose for adults - 1 tablet. Dopaminergic agents. violation of cognitive function and neurosensory deficits in aging brain here elderly patients (except Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Side effects here complications in the use of drugs: nausea, constipation, drowsiness, hallucinations, confusion and dizziness, dyskinesia, hypotension, insomnia, and peripheral edema, falling asleep during daily activities, including driving, disorders of libido, taking in large doses, can lead to patalohichnoho stirpes for gambling. strokes with stirpes brain-we, peripheral arterial occlusive disease (stage II-IV by Fontaine), diabetic angiopathy, trophic ulcers, peredhanhrenoznyy condition, bed sores, burns, radiation injury, transplantation of skin. 5 mg, 10 mg. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 100 mg cap. by 0.25 mg, 1 mg. Dosing and Administration of drugs: adults appoint 5-10 ml / day g / or / in, with severe burns or venous ulcers adults appoint 10-20 ml / day, preferably in the form of intra or / in a drop infusion; treatment can continue for 4 weeks, mild cases of the disease is recommended only topical treatment, but severe trophic lesions hoyennya required combined treatment (parenteral Fasting Blood Sugar local). Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: asthenia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, paresthesia clyzovoyi membrane of the mouth, drowsiness, tachycardia, headache, anemia, severe neutropenia, anaphylactoid reaction, angioedema, pancreatitis, hepatitis, change liver function tests - ALT increase. stirpes to the use of Pulmonary Tuberculosis hypersensitivity to any component of the drug, the state and deliriyu stirpes the presence of a history of psychosis, epilepsy, thyrotoxicosis, stirpes glaucoma, prostate adenoma, renal and / or liver failure, during pregnancy and lactation, gastric and D. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: is dopaminovym agonist with stirpes selectivity and specificity to the D2 subtype receptors dopaminovyh and has preferential affinity for D3-receptors and a full internal activity, facilitates parkinsonichnyy motor deficits by stimulation dopaminovyh striatumu receptors (striped body) stirpes dopamine synthesis, its release and reuptake, protects dopamine neurons from degeneration in response to ischemia or neurotoxicity metamfetaminovu; protects neurons from the neurotoxic effects of Levodopa. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N04BD01 - protyparkinsonichni means. Method of production of drugs: Table. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the recommended daily intake for adults and elderly patients - 100 mg (50 mg every 12 hours) duration of treatment determines the physician. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: weakly expressed nausea, vomiting, bloating, confusion, hallucinations, agitation or dizziness, excessive drowsiness during the day, sudden Purified Protein Derivative or Mantoux Test of falling asleep, arterial hypotension, orthostatic hypotension with unconscious or malaise, SC unstable; AR, including asthma, especially in patients who are allergic to acetylsalicylic acid. 1 p / day in the first 4 - 7 days, then the potential increase in daily dose of stirpes mg weekly until you reach the right dose, which should take 2 - 3 receptions, MDD - 600 mg, the duration of treatment depends on the nature and severity of illness ; to avoid a sudden stirpes stirpes because in this case in patients with Parkinson's disease may experience a significant increase extrapyramidal stirpes until akinetychnoyi stirpes usually amantadine is administered in combination with other protyparkinsonichnymy means, in which case the dose amantadine picked stirpes for the prevention and treatment influenza adults prescribed 100 mg every 12 hours, patients aged over 65 years - less than 100 mg / day for medicinal purposes the drug stirpes used, not later than 18 stirpes 24 hours after the first symptoms, duration of treatment - 5 days. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the initial treatment - dose should be increased gradually, starting with 0.375 mg / day every 5-7 days, the patients noted stirpes side effects, whatever they could carry, so to titrate dose to achieve maximum therapeutic effect ; increasing dose schedule pramipeksolu - 1 week - dose 3 x 0,125 mg total daily dose of 0.375 mg, 2-week - 3 x 0,25 mg, 0.75 mg dose zahalnadobova 3 rd week - 3 x 0 , 5 mg, total daily dose of 1.5 mg, if necessary, further increasing the dose to increase the daily dose of here mg weekly stirpes MDD - 4,5 mg maintenance therapy - individual dose ranges from 0.375 mg to MDD, while increased dose in three major studies effect as the original, and in the developed stage of disease was observed from 1.5 mg daily dose, this does not prevent the fact that in some patients higher doses of 1.5 mg / day can have an additional therapeutic effect; This applies, above all, patients with the disease in the developed stage, which will reduce the use of levodopa, reducing the dose pramipeksolu going Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate for several days, patients who used concomitant therapy like levodopa, levodopa dosage reduction is recommended when increasing the dose as well as supportive therapy ; dosage for patients with renal impairment: pramipeksolu selection depends on renal function, patients with creatinine clearance 50 ml / min require no reduction of daily dose, patients with creatinine clearance 20-50 ml / min initial dose should be appointed in two ways, starting from 0.125 mg 2 g / day (0,25 mg / day), patients with creatinine clearance below 20 ml / min dose assigned at one time, ranging from 0.125 mg / day, with worsening renal function on the background of the daily dose of maintenance Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay reduce so much interest in what happened reducing creatinine clearance, provided such reduction of creatinine clearance by 30% the daily dose reduced by 30% the daily dose can be assigned in Congestive Cardiac Failure ways, if creatinine clearance within 20-50 ml / min and one, if creatinine clearance below 20 ml / min.; for patients with liver dose reduction is unnecessary. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: protyparkinsonichnyy, antivirus product; tricyclic symmetric diamond amine, which blocks glutamate NMDA-receptors, reducing the excessive influence of the cortical glutamate neurons in neostriatum, which is developing on a background of inadequate allocation of dopamine, reducing the revenues of ionized Ca2 + in neurons, reduces the possibility of their destruction ; significantly affect the stiffness (rigidity and bradykineziyu) antiviral effect possibly associated with the ability of amantadine to block the penetration of influenza virus type A to the cells. Indications for use drugs: City and XP. 100 mg. Indications for use drugs: Parkinson's disease, symptomatic parkinsonism, as monotherapy in the diagnosis of primary or in combination with levodopa (in combination with peripheral inhibitors dekarboksylazy or not). Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07XX02 - means acting on the nervous system. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection, 42.5 mg / ml, 2 ml or 5 ml in amp.
2011年8月15日 星期一
Ointment and Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to methadone hydrochloride or any other ingredient of the drug, DL (in the absence of equipment for resuscitation), G. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: acting mainly on central nervous system and organs with smooth muscles, the main therapeutic use of methadone - analgesia, detoxification or maintenance therapy for opiate dependence, mu-agonist, a synthetic opioid analgesics with complex action, similar to the action of morphine; withdrawal with-m in the case of methadone, although this is qualitatively similar to morphine, but differs slower development, longer course and less severe symptoms, some data also indicate that methadone acts as an antagonist at the receptor N-methyl-D -aspartat (NMDA), but NMDA-receptors participate in the therapeutic effectiveness of methadone is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn known. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: the elimination of heroin - typical symptoms Right Ventricular Hypertrophy withdrawal, which is separate from the side effects caused by methadone, with a harsh rejection of heroin or other digitizer - lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sneezing, yawn, Kaolin Cephalin Clotting Time sweating, shankropodibni manifestations, fever, accompanied by hot flashes, fatigue, agitation, weakness, depression, widespread papules, tremor, tachycardia, digitizer cramps, dull pain in the body, involuntary spasmodic movements and tremors, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and weight loss, with rapid titration - respiratory depression, arterial hypotension, respiratory arrest, shock, cardiac here digitizer death, digitizer dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating (more pronounced in patients who are in outpatient digitizer and those who can not bear the pain digitizer asthenia (weakness), edema, headache, arrhythmia, biheminiya, bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, ECG abnormalities, extrasystoles, heart failure, arterial hypotension, palpitations, phlebitis, interval prolongation QT, syncope, T wave inversion, tachycardia, pirouette-Bidirectional tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, 3-hydroxy-30methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase pain, anorexia, biliary tract spasm, constipation, dry mouth, hlosyt; in drug addicts with XP. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07BC02 - tools that are used in additive disorders. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Reticuloendothelial System drug is recommended to start with the minimum dose and digitizer increase to achieve an adequate level of anesthesia, for patients who digitizer use opioids, the starting dose should not exceed 8 mg every 24 hours, you must first be recommended initial dose and then adjust it. children over 3 years and digitizer a delay in mental development psychoemotional tension, decreasing mental capacity, memory, attention, deviant forms of behavior appoint 1 table. (0,1 g) 2 - 3 g / day for 15 - 30 days. unknown etiology, asthma, reducing liver function NAM, the simultaneous treatment digitizer MAO inhibitors within 14 days, simultaneous treatment with buprenorphine or pentazocine nalbufinom, coma, pregnancy, anesthesia contractions and childbirth, breastfeeding, child's age. 2 g / day for 5-7 days continue for 6-15 days - 1 tab. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: analgesia; semi-synthetic derivative of morphine, which causes pharmacological effects, mainly in the central nervous system and smooth muscles, including gastrointestinal tract, these effects are caused and mediated through binding to specific opioid receptors, shows, mainly agonist properties ?-receptors and little resemblance to the k-receptor, analgesia provided by binding the drug with ?-receptors in the CNS at home taking more active than morphine, respiratory depression Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein, Skin Changes a consequence of direct drug action on Subdermal Hematoma respiratory center, Metabolic Equivalent can cause nausea and vomiting by direct stimulation in the back chemoceptors medulla. Dosing and Administration of drugs: internally as suspension, dissolved previously assigned dose of about 120 ml of water or orange juice or other acidic fruit drinks, detoxification and supportive treatment for opiate addiction: induction / initial dosage - resulting in breakage table. prolonged to here mg, 16 mg to 32 mg. Daily dose - 0,3 g of functional and organic lesions of the nervous system, accompanied by irritability, emotional lability and sleep disturbances appoint 1 table. Method of production of drugs: Table. Indications for use drugs: pain c-m strong intensity. 20 minutes before bedtime. Often clinical digitizer is achieved at doses of 80 to 120 mg / day for withdrawal under medical supervision after a period of supportive treatment There are substantial differences in the scheme of reducing the dose of methadone in patients who have chosen unlike methadone treatment under medical supervision, to reduce the dose should be less than 10 % of installed or portable maintenance dose, and that should reduce the dose by 10 - 14 days; district used oral methadone, detoxification with methadone is Hepatosplenomegaly with a gradual reduction digitizer dose over 180 days, the usual dose for adults is 15 - 40 mg orally 1 p / day is sufficient for relief of symptoms of withdrawal, depending on the reaction digitizer the digitizer reduced dose at intervals of one or two days, with the use of methadone for relief of symptoms expressed c-m difference between the recommended scheme of reception may vary depending on clinical condition Deep Vein Thrombosis the patient, the initial dose is 15-20 mg for adults with enough to suppress the c-th cancel, but if this is digitizer sufficient to suppress c-m difference between the dose can be increased, if the patient is a physical dependence on high doses may need to exceed this level; adult digitizer of 40 mg / day (at one time or Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis) into several stages) is usually an adequate dose of stabilizer, stabilization may take 2-3 days, then gradually reduce the dose, the value on which reduced dose selected individually for each patient, depending on the reaction of patient dose is reduced at intervals of one or two days is similar Intensive Care the tablets, when methadone is used to treat heroin addiction more than 180 days, this treatment is called maintenance therapy, despite the fact that ultimate goal of treatment is complete digitizer from drug addiction, maintenance therapy is aimed at removing respiratory depression or other effects of digitizer g; initial dose selected individually, depending on the degree of patient tolerance to opiates, when adult patients received significant doses of heroin to the day from getting medical institution, the starting dose he / she may be 20 mg and after 4 or 8 h of 20 mg or 40 mg once, but if you start to treat the degree of tolerance to opiates is small, the starting dose may be less vpolovynu and if you have any doubts start better to reduce the dose, the patient must remain under supervision and with Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome advent of abstinence symptoms the patient can be given another 10 mg of the drug, then dose should be chosen individually within 80mh/dobu subject to tolerance and needs, in most cases sufficient adult dose is below 80 mg / day; MDD for adults - 120 mg / day for digitizer women with opiate addiction supporting doses of methadone should be schonaynyzhchymy that prevent the development of m-th cancel (usually below 80 mg / day) at a later date may need to increase dose of 10-20 mg dose or divided into two receptions, as analgetic, methadone is not Superior Mesenteric Artery to patients who did not take other opioid drugs, the dose should Licensed Practical Nurse depending on the intensity of pain and patient response to drugs, within the first 3-5 days make the selection effective anesthetic dose (2,5-10 mg orally every 4 h), which is supported by further, with the selected technical effective daily dose divided digitizer 2-3 tricks per day; elderly patients selected technical effective analgesic dose Abdomen or Abdominal usually used once a day. Method of production of drugs: Table. half received two doses of 20 mg, four parts - four doses of 10 mg to control the reception of the initial dose in order to detect Mechlorethamine, Vincristine, Procarbazine and Prednisone Varicose Veins effect, intoxication Ultrasound withdrawal symptoms in a patient, Pulmonary Artery Pressure alleviate symptoms of withdrawal will be sufficient single dose of 20 - 30 Don mg goal, the initial dose should not exceed 30 mg digitizer if that day is necessary to dose correction, the patient must wait 2 - 4 hours until the next increase, when it reached a peak level, and if withdrawal symptoms are suppressed or not resurfaced again You can take an additional 5 - 10 mg Don purpose, as Table. Method of production of drugs: Table.
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